ABSTRACT
The
use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) as a crime-fighting tool has proved
to be an effective way to combat crime.
By combining incident and GIS databases with a mapping and analysis
application, law enforcement agencies can bring a new level of crime analysis
capabilities to their efforts. The system was designed after a comprehensive system
analysis have been carried out from the crime detective personnel.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.0
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
As the amount of criminal activity
across the country increases, the need for crime prevention also
increases. Therefore police departments
need every available crime-fighting tool that can provide an advantage over
criminals. Since traditional methods of
crime analysis are becoming out-dated due to the amount of time required for
analysis, a more automated process is desired.
The primary goal of the system is to
prevent local crime through active crime deterrence and increased criminal
apprehension.
There is a growing trend in law
enforcement to utilize computers equipped with Geographic Information Systems
(GIS) to solve and prevent crimes. By
combining incident databases and geographic data with a mapping and analysis
tool, law enforcement agencies can bring a new level of crime analysis
capabilities to their efforts. Mapping incident locations is an effective way
to identify
spatial relationships and gain
valuable insight into criminal activity.
These systems require
considerable human and financial resources in order to be properly implemented
and sustainable over time. New computer
hardware and the intended software to be developed must integrate into the
force.
However, these systems are primarily limited
to data from their own jurisdiction. There is no framework in place to support the
sharing of incident data between jurisdictions for statewide
cross-jurisdictional crime analysis.
Since criminals do not typically respect jurisdictional boundaries, data
sharing can be a crucial element for effective analysis.
With the help of Geographical
Information Systems (GIS), the law enforcement agencies are able to track crime
data to location and view the crime situation of an area on a map. The
introduction of GIS has made possible the integration of spatial and non-spatial
data. GIS capabilities also allow police to pin point where the problem areas
are and allocate appropriate resources.
1.2
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
The major problem that is considered
in this project work is how to develop the computerized crime tracking
information system in such a way that will be understood and manage by the
Nigerian Police Force, knowing that the system is sophisticated and it will
require professional knowledge to manage. This is a huge problem considering
the lack of expertise and high rate of corruption in the Nigeria Police Force.
As a result of the insincerity of the
police force and the act of bribing and corruption that has eaten deep into the
force in combating crime, the rate of crime tend to be on the higher side. Whereby
the general public end up suffering due to the quick response and tracking of
crime by the Nigeria Police Force.
1.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE
STUDY
The
broad objectives of the project are as follows:
I.
Improve Service Delivery of the police force
II.
To checkmate
and control genocide killing in the nation e.g Boko Haram.
III.
Provide Enhanced Tools for Law and Order
Maintenance, Investigation, Crime Prevention.
IV.
Increase Operational Efficiency
V.
Create a platform for sharing crime & criminal
information across the country - there is a critical need to create a platform for sharing
crime and criminal information across police stations within and between the
different states in order to increase the effectiveness in dealing with
criminals across the state borders.
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE
STUDY
The
working of this project has conceptualized the Crime and Criminals Tracking
information system. This is an effort to modernize the Nigerian Police Force
giving top priority to citizen services, information gathering, and its
dissemination among various police organizations and units across the country.
A
need has been felt to adopt a holistic approach to address the requirements of
the police, mainly with relation to functions in the police station in the area
of crime tracking.
The
design of this crime tracking will essentially be relevant to the Nigerian
Police Force as it will help eradicate the manual process of crime tracking
which usually leads to arresting the innocent citizens while the real criminals
get away.
1.5 DEFINITION OF TERMS
Crime: Crime is the breach of rules
or law for which some governing authority
can ultimately prescribe a conviction.
Computer: A computer is a
general purpose device which can be programmed to carry
out a finite set of arithmetic or logical operations.
Measure: steps, methods to control situation.
Police: The police are a constituted body
of persons empowered by the state to enforce the law, protect property, and
limit civil disorder.
Information: Information, in its most restricted
technical sense, is a sequence of symbols that can be
interpreted as a message.
Investigation: investigation is the act or process of
investigating; a careful search or examination in order to discover facts, etc.
Citizenship: Citizenship is the state of being a citizen of a particular social, political, national, or human
resource community.
Authority: Authority often refers to power vested in an individual or organization by the state. Authority can
also refer to recognized expertise in an area of academic knowledge.
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